Alexey Soldatov graduated from the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in 1974, where he later defended his doctoral dissertation. After graduating, he worked at the Russian Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute", where he successively held the positions of engineer, junior research fellow, head of the laboratory, deputy director of the department, and director of the computing center.

In 1997, he became director of the Institute of Information Systems at the Russian Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute". Since 1992, Alexey Anatolyevich has been president and co-chairman of the Board of JSC "Relcom". During his career, Alexey Soldatov held the position of advisor to the general director of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation, head of the "Business Network" project, dean of the faculty of nanotechnology and informatics at MIPT, deputy minister of communications and mass media of the Russian Federation, and head of the "Supercomputers and GRID technologies" project. Since 2010, he has been Vice-Rector of Lomonosov Moscow State University, and then Advisor to the Rector. Author of over 60 scientific papers. In 2010, he was awarded an Honorary Diploma of the President of the Russian Federation and a letter of gratitude from the Minister of Communications and Mass Media, and is a two-time winner of the Runet Prize and the Kurchatov Prize.